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What Is Beta-Alanine?
Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid.
Unlike most amino acids, it is not used by your body to synthesize proteins.
Instead, together with histidine, it produces carnosine. Carnosine is then stored in your skeletal muscles (1Trusted Source).
Carnosine reduces lactic acid accumulation in your muscles during exercise, which leads to improved athletic performance (2Trusted Source, 3Trusted Source).
How Does It Work?
In your muscles, histidine levels are normally high and beta-alanine levels low, which limits the production of carnosine (1Trusted Source, 4Trusted Source).
Supplementing with beta-alanine has been shown to elevate carnosine levels in muscles by 80% (4Trusted Source, 5Trusted Source, 6Trusted Source, 7Trusted Source, 8Trusted Source).
This is how carnosine acts during exercise:
Glucose is broken down: Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose, which is the main source of fuel during high-intensity exercise.
Lactate is produced: As you exercise, your muscles break glucose down into lactic acid. This is converted into lactate, which produces hydrogen ions (H+).
Muscles become more acidic: The hydrogen ions reduce the pH level in your muscles, making them more acidic.
Fatigue sets in: Muscle acidity blocks glucose breakdown and reduces your muscles' ability to contract. This causes fatigue (8Trusted Source, 9Trusted Source, 10Trusted Source).
Carnosine buffer: Carnosine serves as a buffer against the acid, reducing the acidity in muscles during high-intensity exercise (8Trusted Source, 11Trusted Source).
Since beta-alanine supplements increase carnosine levels, they help your muscles reduce their acid levels during exercise. This lessens overall fatigue.
Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid.
Unlike most amino acids, it is not used by your body to synthesize proteins.
Instead, together with histidine, it produces carnosine. Carnosine is then stored in your skeletal muscles (1Trusted Source).
Carnosine reduces lactic acid accumulation in your muscles during exercise, which leads to improved athletic performance (2Trusted Source, 3Trusted Source).
How Does It Work?
In your muscles, histidine levels are normally high and beta-alanine levels low, which limits the production of carnosine (1Trusted Source, 4Trusted Source).
Supplementing with beta-alanine has been shown to elevate carnosine levels in muscles by 80% (4Trusted Source, 5Trusted Source, 6Trusted Source, 7Trusted Source, 8Trusted Source).
This is how carnosine acts during exercise:
Glucose is broken down: Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose, which is the main source of fuel during high-intensity exercise.
Lactate is produced: As you exercise, your muscles break glucose down into lactic acid. This is converted into lactate, which produces hydrogen ions (H+).
Muscles become more acidic: The hydrogen ions reduce the pH level in your muscles, making them more acidic.
Fatigue sets in: Muscle acidity blocks glucose breakdown and reduces your muscles' ability to contract. This causes fatigue (8Trusted Source, 9Trusted Source, 10Trusted Source).
Carnosine buffer: Carnosine serves as a buffer against the acid, reducing the acidity in muscles during high-intensity exercise (8Trusted Source, 11Trusted Source).
Since beta-alanine supplements increase carnosine levels, they help your muscles reduce their acid levels during exercise. This lessens overall fatigue.